Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is distinct from the adult-onset form, characterized by a rapid decline in beta-cell function and the early appearance of complications. These flashcards are designed to help pharmacists and healthcare professionals quickly recall the 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines regarding targeted screening criteria, diagnostic differentiation, and the specific pharmacologic limitations in the pediatric population.
Key Topics Covered:
Screening Criteria: Memorizing the indications for screening: every 2 years starting at age 8 (or puberty) in children with multiple risk factors.
Disease Trajectory: Understanding that Type 2 diabetes in youth is more aggressive than in adults, often presenting with hypertension, dyslipidemia, or MASLD at diagnosis.
Pharmacotherapy: Identifying metformin as the preferred oral agent for youth in Canada and knowing when to initiate insulin (e.g., for ketosis or severe hyperglycemia).
Differential Diagnosis: Recalling when to test for diabetes autoantibodies to distinguish between Type 1, Type 2, and monogenic diabetes.
Prevention: Reviewing anticipatory guidance strategies regarding sleep, screen time, and activity to reduce risk.